Bounded Optimal State Estimation and Control in Visual Search: Explaining Distractor Ratio Effects
نویسندگان
چکیده
We demonstrate that an ideal observer model bounded by known limitations of the human visual system can explain empirical evidence concerning two effects of distractor ratios on visual search—effects that have previously been explained with salience-based models. The model makes optimal state estimations based on Bayesian estimates of stimuli localization and optimal control decisions of where to fixate in order to maximize task performance. Analysis of the model’s behavior under different task strategies and different constraints on the visual system reveal which aspects of the model are responsible for the effects: the distractor-ratio effects on number of fixations is a signature of optimal state estimation in the face of noisy spatial information, and the saccadic-bias effect is a signature of both optimal control and estimation under these same bounds.
منابع مشابه
An optimal control approach to testing theories of human information processing constraints
This thesis is concerned with explaining human control and decision making behaviours in an integrated framework. The framework provides a means of explaining human behaviour in terms of adaptation to the constraints imposed by both the task environment and the information processing mechanisms of the mind. Some previous approaches tended to have been polarised between those that have focused o...
متن کاملOptimal cue selection strategy
Survival in the natural world demands the selection of relevant visual cues to rapidly and reliably guide attention towards prey and predators in cluttered environments. We investigate whether our visual system selects cues that guide search in an optimal manner. We formally obtain the optimal cue selection strategy by maximizing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) between a search target and surro...
متن کاملSub-optimal Estimation of HIV Time-delay Model using State-Dependent Impulsive Observer with Time-varying Impulse Interval: Application to Continuous-time and Impulsive Inputs
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) weakens the immune system in confronting various diseases by attacking to CD4+T cells. In modeling HIV behavior, the number of CD4+T cells is considered as the output. But, continuous-time measurement of these cells is not possible in practice, and the measurement is only available at variable intervals that are several times bigger than sampling time. In this...
متن کاملA Novel Qualitative State Observer
The state estimation of a quantized system (Q.S.) is a challenging problem for designing feedback control and model-based fault diagnosis algorithms. The core of a Q.S. is a continuous variable system whose inputs and outputs are represented by their corresponding quantized values. This paper concerns with state estimation of a Q.S. by a qualitative observer. The presented observer in this pape...
متن کاملHuman Visual Search as a Deep Reinforcement Learning Solution to a POMDP
When people search for a target in a novel image they often make use of eye movements to bring the relatively high acuity fovea to bear on areas of interest. The strategies that control these eye movements for visual search have been of substantial scientific interest. In the current article we report a new computational model that shows how strategies for visual search are an emergent conseque...
متن کامل